Evolutionary approaches to moral behaviour

ABSTRACT:  Evolutionary Approach to Biology

There are two views to the creation of the universe: scientists say it is ‘chance created’ religious belief is that it is God created. The third view we form is that the creation of the universe began with the matter, from initial inherent quantum mechanical freedom, and a built-in urge to advance on freedom from constraints. We give up determinism and begin from freedom and show that process to the continuing advancement of freedom from matter to the living to man has happened in the following sequence:

Radiating Matter…space and time (gravity flow, universe)…Small particles… larger molecules… Bacteria…Plants…animals…Man… Omniscient God (the final state religions call God, and scientists complete knowledge).  This process emerges from the teleological causality to the creation and progress of the universe: to reach total knowledge (or what is the same thing total freedom, or if we say that this state is God, then it means that aim is to be one with God.

This progress has happened by lots of trial and error efforts, which allows the chance to operate, but the chance here is a progressively improving one which has allowed us in some small way nearer God (total knowledge).

This process is the process known to us as Popper’s Theory of Knowledge. This explanation is an improvement on the God created and pure chance (a proposition that is known to have nil possibility) and thus effectively replaces the two unsatisfactory views on the creation of the universe.  In this universe, progress comes by trial and error and learning from mistakes made, which is an improvement over the creationist theory and the pure chance creation (with zero probability) theory of the universe; here there is chance no doubt, but this chance here comes with progressively improving probabilities! To explain this theory of evolution, we need to begin by defining Freedom

Defining Freedom

Freedom has a connection to knowledge, which is that of the analysis of constraint on freedom. Higher freedom is lower constraints and higher constraints stand for lower freedom, and that crucial issues that constraints are pushed away by the advancement of knowledge; higher knowledge or improved knowledge pushes constraints away and enlarges our freedom. This freedom based analysis has a wonderful conclusion: it allows us to include the multifarious kinds of constraints into one constraint: the constraint of ignorance or lack of knowledge. With this definition of freedom and with freedom as the guiding principle (not determinism) let us try and sketch evolutionary world of biology.

 The conclusion to carry forward is that the universe is not deterministic and its origin and progress is not chance created and it is not purposeless (or the purpose for human being is that of seeking pleasure), it has freedom as its cause and purpose.

Evolution is a Continuity from Matter to the Living to Man

We make the following point on the evolution:

·          It began with the matter, the matter has the ability to think and make choices.

·          Universe is matter’s own creation.

·          Evolution is a continuity from matter to living to man.

·          Presence of life comes from an inherent ability and urge built in the matter: to enlarge freedom, which by its definition (explained above) is an advancement of knowledge.

·          Progress to it comes from trial and error, which is a better theory over the chance created universe as here there is progressively improving chance and not near zero chance as is the case with pure chance theory

·          Evolution is not environment driven, it is driven by a built-in urge to freedom (beginning from matter), the organism perceives the environment, and acts.

·           Since the evolutionary progress happens by the Popper’s theory of knowledge, Popper’s theory of progress of knowledge is the theory of evolution.      

That world is not deterministic and its origin and progress is not chance created and it is not purposeless, freedom (or knowledge advancement) is its purpose and the causality: the teleological causality.