Jewish and Democratic: Three Zionisms and Post-ZionismGans Chaim (Tel Aviv University)
142A (Old Quad)
University of Melbourne, Old Quad, Parkville
Melbourne 3050
Australia
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Abstract: There are three defining tenets that constitute the common denominator for all the versions of Zionism. The first is thatthe Jews, apart from sharing a religion, also form an ethno-cultural nation. The second is the ethno-cultural principle. According to it,members of groups sharing a common history and culture have fundamental, morally significant interests in adhering to their culture which warrant political recognition and support, primarily by means of the right to national self-determination. The third tenet ofZionism is that the Jews should realize their right to ethno-national self- determination in the historical homeland from which theJewish people had been cut off since antiquity. Post-Zionists reject all these tenets. Here I will concentrate on their rejection of theZionist principle supporting the realization of the Jewish right to self- determination in Israel. They argue that at the constitutional level of the State of Israel neither world Jewry nor even Israeli Jewry itself ought to beprotected. Like the Jews in many other places in the world, and like non Jewish groups in Israel, the Jews in Israel are free to formtheir own associations. The liberal principle of freedom of association allows them to do so in the very same way that it allows soccer teams and people who share religions. Two major normative concerns underlie the post-Zionist arguments against thecontinued Jewish self-determination in the Land of Israel. One is a concern for equality. Another is a concern for freedom.
In responding to this post-Zionist critique I will distinguish between three major interpretations of the Zionist idea: theproprietary, the hierarchical, and the egalitarian. I shall argue for three theses regarding the above post-Zionist critique. First, I willshow that it is rather a feeble critique with relation to the conception of Zionism which is the most popular among Israelis: theproprietary conception of Zionism. Second, I will show that the above post-Zionist critique is at least partly justified with regard to asecond conception of Zionism, ‘hierarchical Zionism’, which is common mainly among academics and professionals in fields relatedto political thought and law. Third, I will show that with regard to a third understanding of Zionism, which I shall call here‘egalitarian Zionism’, the post-Zionist critique completely loses its force.
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